Question 1
Thin layer chromatography is
A. partition chromatography
B. electrical mobility of ionic species
C. adsorption chromatography
D. none of the above
View Answer
Question 2
Ion exchange chromatography is based on the
A. electrostatic attraction
B. electrical mobility of ionic species
C. adsorption chromatography
D. partition chromatography
View Answer
Question 3
A combination of paper chromatography and electrophoresis involves
A. partition chromatography
B. electrical mobility of the ionic species
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
View Answer
Question 4
In reverse phase chromatography, the stationary phase is made
A. non-polar
B. polar
C. either non-polar or polar
D. none of these
View Answer
Question 5
In gas chromatography, the basis for separation of the components of the volatile material is the difference in
A. partition coefficients
B. conductivity
C. molecular weight
D. molarity
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Question 6
The general expression for the appearance of a solute in an effluent is (where V is the elution volume of a substance , V0 void volume, kD distribution constant and Vi internal water volume)
A. V = V0 + kDVi
B. V = V0/Vi
C. V = V0 - kDVi
D. V/V0 = kDVi
View Answer
Question 7
Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Question 8
Other chromatography techniques are based on the stationary bed, including column, thin layer, and paper chromatography.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, Other chromatography techniques are based on the stationary bed, including column, thin layer, and paper chromatography.
Question 9
Chromatography was first devised in Russia by the Italian-born scientist Mikhail Tsvet in 1900.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, Chromatography was first devised in Russia by the Italian-born scientist Mikhail Tsvet in 1900.
Question 10
Chromatography technique developed substantially as a result of the work of Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge during the 1940s and 1950s, for which they won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, Chromatography technique developed substantially as a result of the work of Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge during the 1940s and 1950s, for which they won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Question 11
Chromatography is used to separate ____________
A. Complex mixture compounds
B. Simple mixtures
C. Viscous mixtures
D. Halogens
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The chromatography is used to separate a complex mixture of compounds. It is used for isolation and purification of the compound of interest from the mixture of compounds.
Question 12
Immunoaffinity chromatography is used for the purification of ____________
A. Lipoproteins
B. Interferons
C. Antibodies
D. Carbohydrates
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Immunoaffinity chromatography is used in the purification of antibodies, antigens and the proteins of viral origin. The column contains gel and antigens against which antibodies have the most affinity. Thus, it helps in the purification of antibodies.
Question 13
The charged molecules can be separated by __________
A. Column chromatography
B. Ion exchange chromatography
C. Thin layer chromatography
D. Affinity chromatography
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The charged molecules are separated by Ion exchange chromatography. It uses a charged stationary phase to separate the oppositely charged compounds. The oppositely charged particles will be attracted while the particles with the same charge will be eluted first.
Question 14
The HPLC uses the application of ___________
A. High temperature
B. Low temperature
C. High pressure
D. Low pressure
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography uses the application of high pressure, that is why HPLC is also known as High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography. The use of high pressure is to flow the solvent through the column of chromatography.
Question 15
The Rf value is the ratio of distance travelled by solvent to the distance travelled by the solute.
A. True
B. False
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The Rf value or retention factor is the ratio of distance travelled by the solute to the distance travelled by the solvent. It indicates the relative rate of movement of a solute and the solvent.
Question 16
Thin Layer Chromatography is similar to Paper Chromatography.
A. True
B. False
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Thin Layer Chromatography or TLC is similar to Paper Chromatography. However, instead of using paper as a stationary phase the thin layer of adsorbents like silica gel, alumina, cellulose, etc. It has better separations than paper chromatography.
Question 17
Which of the following dye is widely used in dye-ligand chromatography?
A. Methyl blue
B. Cibracron blue
C. Methyl orange
D. Malachite green
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Dye-ligand chromatography uses a number of triazine dyes as ligands. The most widely used dye is Cibracron blue F3G-A. It is used for the purification of lipoproteins, interferons, coagulation factors, etc.
Question 18
Which of the following is not a criterion for the choice of the recovery process?
A. Location of the product
B. Price of the product
C. Use of the product
D. Source of organism
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The choice of the recovery process is based on criteria: The intracellular or extracellular location of the product, the concentration of the product, use of the product, properties of the product, quality of the product, bio-hazard of the product, impurities in the broth, price of the product.
Question 19
Which of the following is not a gel filtration chromatography?
A. Molecular sieve
B. Gel permeation
C. Size exclusion
D. Gel residue
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The gel filtration chromatography is also called molecular sieve chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, or gel chromatography. Gel residue is not a gel filtration chromatography.
Question 20
Which of the following is not a stage of product recovery?
A. Removal of solids
B. Isolation of organism
C. Purification and concentration
D. Cell disruption
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The stages in product recovery include removal of solids from the fermentation broth, followed by cell disruption, followed by primary isolation, purification, and concentration of the product, and finally isolation of the product.
Question 21
Which of the following is used in the precipitation of dextrans?
A. Methanol
B. PEG
C. Ammonium sulphate
D. Sodium sulphate
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Organic solvents like methanol, ethanol can be used in the precipitation of proteins. This is due to the change in dielectric properties of the solution. Dextrans can be precipitated out of a broth by the addition of methanol.
Question 22
Which of the following is used to pack columns in adsorption chromatography?
A. Carbon
B. Silica gel
C. Potassium hydroxide
D. Aluminium oxide
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The materials used in the pack columns in the adsorption chromatography include inorganic adsorbents like aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide, silica gel, magnesium oxide, active carbon, etc.
Question 23
Which of the following is used to separate molecules based on affinity?
A. Column chromatography
B. Ion exchange chromatography
C. Thin layer chromatography
D. Affinity chromatography
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The affinity chromatography is used in the separation of biological molecules based on their affinity with a particular substance. The molecules with low affinity with the stationary phase are eluted first and those with high affinity are recovered later.
Question 24
Which of the following stationary phase is not used in gel filtration chromatography?
A. Sephadex
B. Sephacryl
C. Bio-Gel
D. Resin beads
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The resin beads are not used as stationary phase in gel filtration chromatography. Sephadex, Sephacryl, Bio-Gel, Sepharose, etc. are commonly used. The gel must be chemically inert and stable.
Question 25
Who employed the term ‘Chromatography’?
A. Tsvet
B. Archer
C. Richard
D. Erika
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Mikhail Tsvet introduced the term ‘chromatography’. It is useful for the isolation and recovery of desired products. Tsvet in 1906 used chromatography to separate the pigments of the plants.
Question 26
According to the small size of the particle, which type of chromatographic separation is applicable?
A. High- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
B. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC)
C. Gel chromatography
D. Paper chromatography
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In order to achieve the high resolutions characteristic of HPLC, stationary-phase particles 2-5 μm in diameter are commonly used. Because the particles are so small, HPLC systems are operated under high pressure (5-10 MPa) to achieve flow rates of 1-5 ml min -1. FPLC instruments are not able to develop such high pressures (1-2 MPa) and are therefore operated with column packings of larger size.
Question 27
In which of the following type of chromatography the capillary action mechanism is present?
A. Liquid chromatography
B. Gas chromatography
C. Thin- Layer chromatography
D. Paper chromatography
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The most common type of chromatography. The paper is the stationary phase. This uses capillary action to pull the solutes up through the paper and separate the solutes.
Question 28
The visual output of chromatography is called?
A. Chromatograph
B. Chromatogram
C. Electropherogram
D. Autoradiogram
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The machine used is called a gas or liquid chromatograph, the data generated is called a chromatogram. It is an electronic file or hardcopy containing the information generated during the chromatography run.
Question 29
What does the retention factor, k’, describe?
A. The velocity from the stationary phase
B. The velocity of the mobile phase
C. The distribution of an analyte between the stationary and the mobile phase
D. The migration rate of an analyte through a column
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
k’ (Capacity factor) in the chromatography is to provide a calculation or formula which defines how much interaction the solute has with the stationary phase material. And it is based on the formula given below:
Question 30
Which of the following condition is of reverse phase chromatography?
A. The mobile phase is non-polar and stationary phase is polar
B. The mobile phase is polar and stationary phase is non-polar
C. Both the mobile phase and stationary phase are organic
D. Both the mobile phase and stationary phase are inorganic
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In reversed phase chromatography, the mobile phase is polar (like water), and the stationary phase is non-polar while in normal phase chromatography, the mobile phase is non-polar (100% organic), and the stationary phase is polar.
Question 31
Which type of chromatography depends on the principle of size of particles?
A. Affinity chromatography
B. Gel- filtration chromatography
C. Ion- exchange chromatography
D. Multimodal chromatography
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Gel filtration chromatography, a type of size exclusion chromatography, can be used to either fractionate molecules and complexes in a sample into fractions with a particular size range, to remove all molecules larger than a particular size from the sample, or a combination of both operations.
Question 32
Which type of mechanism is applicable to chromatography?
A. Absorption and Desorption
B. Adsorption and Absorption
C. Adsorption and Desorption
D. Adsorption and Diffusion
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Adsorption means the attraction to a substance (as opposed to absorption, which means the complete envelopment of something). Desorption is the opposite – when something is not attracted to the substance. How it relates to chromatography is through the mobile and stationary phase. Depending on what the substance adsorbs or desorbs to, will determine how it will move in the chromatogram. For example, if it adsorbs to the mobile phase, it will move a lot. However, if it adsorbs to the stationary phase, it will not move very much. This is how mixtures are separated through chromatography, as different substances in the mixture will adsorb and desorb differently, and hence will move differently, and thus separation is achieved.