Counters MCQs : This section focuses on the "Counters". These Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) should be practiced to improve the Counters skills required for various interviews (campus interview, walk-in interview, company interview), placement, entrance exam and other competitive examinations.
Question 1
A 12 MHz clock frequency is applied to a cascaded counter containing a modulus-5 counter, a modulus-8 counter, and a modulus-10 counter. The lowest output frequency possible is ________.
A. 10 kHz
B. 20 kHz
C. 30 kHz
D. 60 kHz
Question 2
A 22-MHz clock signal is put into a MOD-16 counter. What is the frequency of the Q output of each stage of the counter?
A. Q1 = 22 MHz, Q2 = 11 MHz, Q3 = 5.5 MHz, Q4 = 2.75 MHz
B. Q1 = 11 MHz, Q2 = 5.5 MHz, Q3 = 2.75 MHz, Q4 = 1.375 MHz
C. Q1 = 11 MHz, Q2 = 11 MHz, Q3 = 11 MHz, Q4 = 11 MHz
D. Q1 = 22 MHz, Q2 = 22 MHz, Q3 = 22 MHz, Q4 = 22 MHz
Question 3
A 4-bit counter has a maximum modulus of ________.
A. 3
B. 6
C. 8
D. 16
Question 4
A 4-bit ripple counter consists of flip-flops, which each have a propagation delay from clock to Q output of 15 ns. For the counter to recycle from 1111 to 0000, it takes a total of ________.
A. 15 ns
B. 30 ns
C. 45 ns
D. 60 ns
Question 5
A 4-bit up/down binary counter is in the DOWN mode and in the 1100 state. To what state does the counter go on the next clock pulse?
A. 1101
B. 1011
C. 1111
D. 0
Question 6
A 5-bit asynchronous binary counter is made up of five flip-flops, each with a 12 ns propagation delay. The total propagation delay (tp(tot)) is ________.
A. 12 ms
B. 24 ns
C. 48 ns
D. 60 ns
Question 7
A BCD counter is a ________.
A. binary counter
B. full-modulus counter
C. decade counter
D. divide-by-10 counter
Question 8
A counter with a modulus of 16 acts as a ________.
A. divide-by-8 counter
B. divide-by-16 counter
C. divide-by-32 counter
D. divide-by-64 counter
Question 9
A MOD-12 and a MOD-10 counter are cascaded. Determine the output frequency if the input clock frequency is 60 MHz.
A. 500 kHz
B. 1,500 kHz
C. 6 MHz
D. 5 MHz
Question 10
A MOD-16 ripple counter is holding the count 10012. What will the count be after 31 clock pulses?
A. 10002
B. 10102
C. 10112
D. 11012
Question 11
A modulus-10 counter must have ________.
A. 10 flip-flops
B. flip-flops
C. 2 flip-flops
D. synchronous clocking
Question 12
A multiplexed display being driven by a logic circuit:
A. accepts data inputs from one line and passes this data to multiple output lines
B. accepts data inputs from several lines and allows one of them at a time to pass to the output
C. accepts data inputs from multiple lines and passes this data to multiple output lines
D. accepts data inputs from several lines and multiplexes this input data to four BCD lines
Question 13
A principle regarding most display decoders is that when the correct input is present, the related output will switch:
A. HIGH
B. to high impedance
C. to an open
D. LOW
Question 14
A seven-segment, common-anode LED display is designed for:
A. all cathodes to be wired together
B. one common LED
C. a HIGH to turn off each segment
D. disorientation of segment modules
Question 15
After 10 clock cycles, and assuming that the DATA input had returned to 0 following the storage sequence, what values would be stored in Q4, Q3, Q2, Q1, Q0 of the register in Figure 7-5?
A. 0,1,0,1,1
B. 1,1,0,1,0
C. 1,0,1,0,1
D. 0,0,0,0,0
Question 16
An asynchronous 4-bit binary down counter changes from count 2 to count 3. How many transitional states are required?
A. None
B. One
C. Two
D. Fifteen
Question 17
Any divide-by-N counter can be formed by using external gating to ________ at a predetermined number.
A. HIGH
B. reset
C. LOW
D. preset
Question 18
For a multistage counter to be truly synchronous, the ________ of each stage must be connected to ________.
A. Cp, the same clock input line
B. CE, the same clock input line
C. , the terminal count output
D. , both clock input lines
Question 19
For a one-shot application, how can HDL code be used to make a circuit respond once to each positive transition on its trigger input?
A. By using a counter
B. By using an active clock
C. By using an immediate reload
D. By using edge trapping
Question 20
Four cascaded modulus-10 counters have an overall modulus of ________.
A. 10
B. 100
C. 1000
D. 10000
Question 21
How can a digital one-shot be implemented using HDL?
A. By using a resistor and a capacitor
B. By applying the concept of a counter
C. By using a library function
D. By applying a level trigger
Question 22
How many AND gates would be required to completely decode ALL the states of a MOD-64 counter, and how many inputs must each AND gate have?
A. 128 gates, 6 inputs to each gate
B. 64 gates, 5 inputs to each gate
C. 64 gates, 6 inputs to each gate
D. 128 gates, 5 inputs to each gate
Question 23
How many different states does a 2-bit asynchronous counter have?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 8
Question 24
How many different states does a 3-bit asynchronous counter have?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 16
Question 25
How many flip-flops are required to construct a decade counter?
A. 10
B. 8
C. 5
D. 4
Question 26
How many flip-flops are required to make a MOD-32 binary counter?
A. 3
B. 45
C. 5
D. 6
Question 27
How many natural states will there be in a 4-bit ripple counter?
A. 4
B. 8
C. 16
D. 32
Question 28
In a VHDL retriggerable edge-triggered one-shot, which condition will not exist when a clock edge occurs?
A. A trigger edge has occurred and we must load the counter.
B. The counter is zero and we need to keep it at zero.
C. The shift register is reset.
D. The counter is not zero and we need to count down by one.
Question 29
In an HDL ring counter, many invalid states are included in the programming by:
A. using a case statement.
B. using an elsif statement.
C. including them under others.
D. the ser_in line.
Question 30
Integrated-circuit counter chips are used in numerous applications including:
A. timing operations, counting operations, sequencing, and frequency multiplication
B. timing operations, counting operations, sequencing, and frequency division
C. timing operations, decoding operations, sequencing, and frequency multiplication
D. data generation, counting operations, sequencing, and frequency multiplication
Question 31
List the state of each output pin of a 7447 if RBI = 0, LT = 1, A0 = 1, A1 = 0, A2 = 0, and A3 = 1.
A. RBO = 0, a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 1, e = 1, f = 0, g = 0
B. RBO = 1, a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 1, e = 1, f = 0, g = 0
C. RBO = 0, a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 0, e = 1, f = 0, g = 0
D. RBO = 1, a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 0, e = 1, f = 0, g = 0
Question 32
List which pins need to be connected together on a 7492 to make a MOD-12 counter.
A. 1 to 12, 11 to 6, 9 to 7
B. 1 to 12, 12 to 6, 11 to 7
C. 1 to 12, 9 to 6, 8 to 7
D. 1 to 12
Question 33
List which pins need to be connected together on a 7493 to make a MOD-12 counter.
A. 12 to 1, 11 to 3, 9 to 2
B. 12 to 1, 11 to 3, 12 to 2
C. 12 to 1, 11 to 3, 8 to 2
D. 12 to 1, 11 to 3, 1 to 2
Question 34
MOD-6 and MOD-12 counters and multiples are most commonly used as:
A. frequency counters
B. multiplexed displays
C. digital clocks
D. power consumption meters
Question 35
Once an up-/down-counter begins its count sequence, it cannot be reversed.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Question 36
One of the major drawbacks to the use of asynchronous counters is:
A. low-frequency applications are limited because of internal propagation delays
B. high-frequency applications are limited because of internal propagation delays
C. asynchronous counters do not have major drawbacks and are suitable for use in high- and low-frequency counting applications
D. asynchronous counters do not have propagation delays and this limits their use in high-frequency applications
Question 37
Select the response that best describes the use of the Master Reset on typical 4-bit binary counters.
A. When MR1 and MR2 are both HIGH, all Qs will be reset to zero.
B. When MR1 and MR2 are both HIGH, all Qs will be reset to one.
C. MR1 and MR2 are provided to synchronously reset all four flip-flops.
D. To enable the count mode, MR1 and MR2 must be held LOW.
Question 38
Synchronous (parallel) counters eliminate the delay problems encountered with asynchronous (ripple) counters because the:
A. input clock pulses are applied only to the first and last stages.
B. input clock pulses are applied only to the last stage.
C. input clock pulses are applied simultaneously to each stage.
D. input clock pulses are not used to activate any of the counter stages.
Question 39
Synchronous construction reduces the delay time of a counter to the delay of:
A. all flip-flops and gates
B. all flip-flops and gates after a 3 count
C. a single gate
D. a single flip-flop and a gate
Question 40
Synchronous counters eliminate the delay problems encountered with asynchronous counters because the:
A. input clock pulses are applied only to the first and last stages
B. input clock pulses are applied only to the last stage
C. input clock pulses are not used to activate any of the counter stages
D. input clock pulses are applied simultaneously to each stage
Question 41
The final output of a modulus-8 counter occurs one time for every ________.
A. 8 clock pulses
B. 16 clock pulses
C. 24 clock pulses
D. 32 clock pulses
Question 42
The hexadecimal equivalent of 15,536 is ________.
A. 3CB0
B. 3C66
C. 63C0
D. 6300
Question 43
The parallel outputs of a counter circuit represent the:
A. parallel data word
B. clock frequency
C. counter modulus
D. clock count
Question 44
The process of designing a synchronous counter that will count in a nonbinary manner is primarily based on:
A. external logic circuits that decode the various states of the counter to apply the correct logic levels to the J-K inputs
B. modifying BCD counters to change states on every second input clock pulse
C. modifying asynchronous counters to change states on every second input clock pulse
D. elimination of the counter stages and the addition of combinational logic circuits to produce the desired counts
Question 45
The terminal count of a 3-bit binary counter in the DOWN mode is ________.
A. 0
B. 111
C. 101
D. 10
Question 46
The terminal count of a modulus-11 binary counter is ________.
A. 1010
B. 1000
C. 1001
D. 1100
Question 47
The terminal count of a typical modulus-10 binary counter is ________.
A. 0
B. 1010
C. 1001
D. 1111
Question 48
Three cascaded decade counters will divide the input frequency by ________.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 100
D. 1000
Question 49
Three cascaded modulus-5 counters have an overall modulus of ________.
A. 5
B. 25
C. 125
D. 500
Question 50
To operate correctly, starting a ring counter requires:
A. clearing one flip-flop and presetting all the others.
B. clearing all the flip-flops.
C. presetting one flip-flop and clearing all the others.
D. presetting all the flip-flops.
Question 51
Using four cascaded counters with a total of 16 bits, how many states must be deleted to achieve a modulus of 50,000?
A. 50000
B. 65536
C. 25536
D. 15536
Question 52
What is meant by parallel load of a counter?
A. Each FF is loaded with data on a separate clock.
B. The counter is cleared.
C. All FFs are preset with data.
Question 53
What is the difference between a 7490 and a 7492?
A. 7490 is a MOD-12, 7492 is a MOD-10
B. 7490 is a MOD-12, 7492 is a MOD-16
C. 7490 is a MOD-16, 7492 is a MOD-10
D. 7490 is a MOD-10, 7492 is a MOD-12
Question 54
What is the difference between a 7490 and a 7493?
A. 7490 is a MOD-10, 7493 is a MOD-16
B. 7490 is a MOD-16, 7493 is a MOD-10
C. 7490 is a MOD-12, 7493 is a MOD-16
D. 7490 is a MOD-10, 7493 is a MOD-12
Question 55
What is the difference between combinational logic and sequential logic?
A. Combinational circuits are not triggered by timing pulses, sequential circuits are triggered by timing pulses.
B. Combinational and sequential circuits are both triggered by timing pulses.
C. Neither circuit is triggered by timing pulses.
Question 56
What is the maximum delay that can occur if four flip-flops are connected as a ripple counter and each flip-flop has propagation delays of tPHL = 22 ns and tPLH = 15 ns?
A. 15 ns
B. 22 ns
C. 60 ns
D. 88 ns
Question 57
When two counters are cascaded, the overall MOD number is equal to the ________ of their individual MOD numbers.
A. product
B. sum
C. log
D. reciprocal
Question 58
Which is not an example of a truncated modulus?
A. 8
B. 9
C. 11
D. 15
Question 59
Which of the following groups of logic devices would be the minimum required for a MOD-64 synchronous counter?
A. Five flip-flops, three AND gates
B. Seven flip-flops, five AND gates
C. Four flip-flops, ten AND gates
D. Six flip-flops, four AND gates
Question 60
Which of the following is a type of shift register counter?
A. Decade
B. Binary
C. Ring
D. BCD
Question 61
Which of the following is an example of a counter with a truncated modulus?
A. 8
B. 13
C. 16
D. 32
Question 62
Which of the following is an invalid output state for an 8421 BCD counter?
A. 1110
B. 0
C. 10
D. 1
Question 63
Which of the following is an invalid state in an 8421 BCD counter?
A. 11
B. 1001
C. 1000
D. 1100
Question 64
Which of the following procedures could be used to check the parallel loading feature of a counter?
A. Preset the LOAD inputs, set the CLR to its active level, and check to see that the Q outputs match the values preset into the LOAD inputs.
B. Apply LOWs to the parallel DATA inputs, pulse the CLK input, and check for LOWs on all the Q outputs.
C. Apply HIGHs to all the DATA inputs, pulse the CLK and CLR inputs, and check to be sure that the Q outputs are all LOW.
D. Apply HIGHs to all the Q terminals, pulse the CLK, and check to see if the DATA terminals now match the Q outputs.
Question 65
Which of the following statements are true?
A. Asynchronous events do not occur at the same time.
B. Asynchronous events are controlled by a clock.
C. Synchronous events do not need a clock to control them.
D. Only asynchronous events need a control clock.
Question 66
Which of the following statements best describes the operation of a synchronous up-/down-counter?
A. The counter can count in either direction, but must continue in that direction once started.
B. The counter can be reversed, but must be reset before counting in the other direction.
C. In general, the counter can be reversed at any point in its counting sequence.
D. The count sequence cannot be reversed, once it has begun, without first resetting the counter to zero.
Question 67
Which segments (by letter) of a seven-segment display need to be active in order to display a digit 6?
A. b, c, d, e, f, and g
B. a, c, d, e, f, and g
C. a, b, c, d, and f
D. b, c, d, e, and f
Question 68
Which segments of a seven-segment display would be required to be active to display the decimal digit 2?
A. a, b, d, e, and g
B. a, b, c, d, and g
C. a, c, d, f, and g
D. a, b, c, d, e, and f
Question 69
Why can a synchronous counter operate at a higher frequency than a ripple counter?
A. The flip-flops change one after the other.
B. The flip-flops change at the same time.
C. A synchronous counter cannot operate at higher frequencies.
D. A ripple counter is faster.
Question 70
A counter circuit is usually constructed of ____________
A. A number of latches connected in cascade form
B. A number of NAND gates connected in cascade form
C. A number of flip-flops connected in cascade
D. A number of NOR gates connected in cascade form
Question 71
A decimal counter has ______ states.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20
Question 72
BCD counter is also known as ____________
A. Parallel counter
B. Decade counter
C. Synchronous counter
D. VLSI counter
Question 73
How many types of the counter are there?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Question 74
In digital logic, a counter is a device which ____________
A. Counts the number of outputs
B. Stores the number of times a particular event or process has occurred
C. Stores the number of times a clock pulse rises and falls
D. Counts the number of inputs
Question 75
Ripple counters are also called ____________
A. SSI counters
B. Asynchronous counters
C. Synchronous counters
D. VLSI counters
Question 76
Synchronous counter is a type of ____________
A. SSI counters
B. LSI counters
C. MSI counters
D. VLSI counters
Question 77
The parallel outputs of a counter circuit represent the _____________
A. Parallel data word
B. Clock frequency
C. Counter modulus
D. Clock count
Question 78
Three decade counter would have ____________
A. 2 BCD counters
B. 3 BCD counters
C. 4 BCD counters
D. 5 BCD counters
Question 79
What is the maximum possible range of bit-count specifically in n-bit binary counter consisting of ‘n’ number of flip-flops?
A. 0 to 2n
B. 0 to 2n + 1
C. 0 to 2n – 1
D. 0 to 2n+1/2