Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria MCQs : This section focuses on the "Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria". These Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) should be practiced to improve the Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria skills required for various interviews (campus interview, walk-in interview, company interview), placement, entrance exam and other competitive examinations.
Question 1
Which of the following is not the characteristic of a growth curve?
A. Shows development of microbial population under relatively stable environmental conditions
B. Plotted with logarithmic numbers
C. Graphs numbers of microbes versus time
D. Each growth curve consists of four distinct phases
Question 2
Generation time of Escherichia coli is
A. 20 minutes
B. 20 hours
C. 20 days
D. 200 hours
Question 3
The organism which obtain their energy from chemicals are designated as
A. prototrophs
B. chemotrophs
C. organotrophs
D. autotrophs
Question 4
Nutrient content and biological structures are considered as
A. implicit factor for microbial growth
B. intrinsic factor for microbial growth
C. processing factor
D. None of the above
Question 5
The organism which grows best above 45°C are called
A. psychrophilic
B. mesosphilic
C. thermophilic
D. None of the above
Question 6
Implicit factors
A. depend on developing microflora
B. can be synergistic
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
Question 7
Lag phase is also known as
A. period of initial adjustment
B. transitional period
C. generation time
D. None of the above
Question 8
Which of the following is used to grow bacterial cultures continuously?
A. Chemostat
B. Coulter Counter
C. Hemostat
D. Petroff-Hausser chamber
Question 9
A microbe, which grows at temperatures above 95° C is most likely to be
A. an archaean
B. a fungus
C. a protozoan
D. None of these
Question 10
Some organisms can use reduced inorganic compounds as electron donors and are termed as
A. lithotrophs
B. phototrophs
C. chemotrophs
D. photo-organotrophs
Question 11
The total biomass of an organism will be determined by the nutrient present in the lowest concentration relative to the organism's requirements is a statement of
A. Liebig's law of the minimum
B. Shelford's law of tolerance
C. quorum sensing
D. Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty
Question 12
The growth is normally expressed as __________ in turbidimetric measurement
A. cells per ml
B. cfu/ml
C. optical density
D. mg N2 /ml
Question 13
Which of the following organisms typically get their carbon for biosynthesis from carbon dioxide?
A. Glucose-fermenting bacteria (fermentation)
B. Anaerobic, glucose-respiring bacteria (anaerobic respiration)
C. Aerobic, glucose-respiring bacteria (aerobic respiration)
D. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (chemolithotrophic bacteria)
Question 14
An organism that expends energy to grow in a habitat with a low water activity in order to maintain internal solute concentrations to retain water is
A. osmotolerant
B. acidophile
C. aerotolerant anaerobe
D. alkalophile
Question 15
The straightforward method of binary fission explains how bacteria
A. grow in nutrient agar
B. evolve
C. move
D. reproduce
Question 16
The equation used to obtain bacterial population by binary fission is
A. N = No2n
B. log N/No = (0.3010) n
C. log(N/No) = nlog 2
D. All of the above
Question 17
Bacteria and fungi multiply best
A. below 16°C
B. between 16-38°C
C. above 38°C
D. None of these
Question 18
An organism has an optimal growth rate when the hydrogen ion concentration is very high. This organism is
A. osmotolerant
B. acidophile
C. neutrophile
D. aerotolerant anaerobe
Question 19
Which of the following procedures uses a photocell to measure absorbance of a culture to regulate the flow of culture media?
A. Coulter Counter
B. Hemostat
C. Petroff-Hausser chamber
D. Trubidostat
Question 20
Organisms, using organic compounds as electron donors are called
A. lithotrophs
B. phototrophs
C. chemotrophs
D. organotrophs
Question 21
The reproduction by budding occur in
A. Rhodopseudomonas acidophila
B. Hyphomicrobium vulgare
C. Bacillus subtilis
D. Both A and B
Question 22
Starvation proteins are produced by a culture during which of the following segments of the growth curve?
A. Lag phase
B. Exponential phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Death phase
Question 23
The cell reproduction in bacteria may occur by
A. binary fission
B. budding
C. fragmentation
D. All of the above
Question 24
During exponential growth, the growth rate is
A. number of generations per unit time
B. reciprocal of generation time
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
Question 25
A spore differs from an actively replicating bacterium in that the spore
A. is produced during a process involving asymmetric division
B. is able to withstand more extreme conditions than the replicating cell
C. is metabolically inactive
D. All of the above
Question 26
A culture broth tube was very turbid at the bottom of the tube but clear at the top of the tube indicating that the
A. broth is sterile
B. organism can tolerate oxygen
C. organism cannot produce superoxide dismutase and/or catalase
D. organism should be grown in an anaerobic chamber
Question 27
A culture broth tube was very turbid at the surface but clear throughout the rest of the tube indicating that the
A. organism are aerobes
B. organism should be grown in an anaerobic chamber
C. organism cannot produce superoxide dismutase and/or catalase
D. organism cannot tolerate oxygen
Question 28
A synergistic effect is observed when
A. one organism removes an inhibitory substance for another
B. one organism produces a growth factor utilized by another
C. microbial alteration of pH, aw, Eh favours the growth of another
D. all of the above
Question 29
All organisms require at least small amounts of carbondioxide, However, some can use CO2 as their sole source of carbon. Such organisms are termed as
A. autotrophs
B. phototrophs
C. chemotrophs
D. photo-organotrophs
Question 30
An organism is completely dependent on atmospheric O2 for growth. This organism is
A. osmotolerant
B. acidophile
C. facultative anaerobe
D. obligate aerobe
Question 31
Antimicrobial constituents for the microbial growth in foods are
A. intrinsic factor
B. extrinsic factor
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Question 32
Autotrophic bacteria are those which
A. make their own food
B. form a long chain glycocalyx
C. are highly susceptible to penicillin
D. produce a blue-green pigment
Question 33
Bacteria of genus Nitrosomonas use __________ as their electron source.
A. ammonia
B. H2S
C. succinate
D. light
Question 34
During exponential growth, the growth rate is
A. number of generations per unit time
B. reciprocal of generation time
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Question 35
Exponential phase of growth curve of bacteria is of limited duration because of
A. rise in cell density
B. accumulation of toxic metabolites
C. exhaustion of nutrients
D. all of these
Question 36
Generation time is
A. time required for the population to double
B. time required for the initial adjustment
C. obtained by expression t/n, where t = time interval, n = number of generation
D. both (a) and (c)
Question 37
Implicit factors
A. depend on developing microflora
B. can be synergistic
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of the above
Question 38
In the exponential phase, the cells and cell mass
A. first increases then decreases
B. decreases
C. are constant
D. double at a constant rate
Question 39
Lag phase is also known as
A. period of initial adjustment
B. transitional period
C. generation time
D. none of these
Question 40
Microaerophilic bacteria are those which require
A. 21 % oxygen for growth
B. low levels of oxygen for growth (lesser than O2 present in atmosphere)
C. oxygen for activation of enzymes
D. none of the above
Question 41
Organisms such as lactobacilli that have elaborate requirements for specific nutrients i.e. vitamins and other growth promoting substances, are generally called as
A. fastidious hetrotrophs
B. chemo-lithotrophs
C. chemotrophs
D. photo-organotrophs
Question 42
Postgates assay technique is useful in determining if a cell is viable even though it is
A. incapable of cell division
B. too small to see
C. an obligate aerobe
D. a thermophile
Question 43
Pseudomonas pseudoflava can grow as
A. chemo-lithotrophs
B. chemo-organotrophs
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Question 44
Quantitative measurement of bacterial growth can be carried out by measuring
A. cell count
B. cell mass
C. cell activity
D. all of these
Question 45
The ability of Vibrio fischeri to produce bioluminescence chemicals only when a certain population density has been reached is an example of
A. Liebig's law of the minimum
B. Shelford's law of tolerance
C. quorum sensing
D. Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty
Question 46
The average size of cells during the exponential phase of growth is
A. greater than the lag phase
B. lesser than the lag phase
C. equal to the lag phase
D. none of these
Question 47
The cell reproduction in bacteria may occur by
A. binary fission
B. budding
C. fragmentation
D. all of these
Question 48
The combination of low levels of NaCl, NaNO3 (sodium nitrate), and slightly acid pH can prevent multiplication and toxin formation of
A. Salmonella
B. S. aureus
C. C. botulinum
D. all of these
Question 49
The equation used to obtain bacterial population by binary fission is
A. N = No2n
B. log N/No = (0.3010) n
C. log(N/No) = nlog 2
D. All of these
Question 50
The fragmentation occurs in
A. Streptomyces species
B. Nocardia species
C. Bacillus subtilis
D. None of these
Question 51
The generation time of a culture that produces two generations per hour is
A. greater than that produces three generations per hour
B. lesser than that produces three generations per hour
C. equal to that produces three generations per hour
D. none of the above
Question 52
The microorganisms that grow best in a low-oxygen environment is called a (n)
A. aerobe
B. anaerobe
C. facultative
D. microaerophile
Question 53
The organism which grows best above 45°C are called
A. psychrophilic
B. mesosphilic
C. thermophilic
D. any of these
Question 54
The period between inoculation of bacteria in a culture medium and beginning of multiplication is known as
A. stationary phase
B. log phase
C. lag phase
D. decline phase
Question 55
The reproduction by budding occur in
A. Rhodopseudomonas acidophila
B. Hyphomicrobium vulgare
C. Bacillus subtilis
D. Both (a) and (b)
Question 56
The term aerotolerant anaerobe refers to an organism that
A. doesn't use oxygen but can grow in the presence of oxygen
B. is killed by oxygen
C. requires less oxygen than is present in air
D. prefers to grow without oxygen
Question 57
The term facultative anaerobe refers to an organism that
A. doesn't use oxygen but tolerates it
B. is killed by oxygen
C. uses oxygen when present or grows without oxygen when absent
D. requires less oxygen than is present in air
Question 58
The term obligate anaerobe refers to an organism that
A. doesn't use oxygen but tolerates it
B. is killed by oxygen
C. uses oxygen when present or grows without oxygen when oxygen is absent
D. prefers to grow without oxygen
Question 59
What are the extrinsic factors for the microbial growth?
A. humidity
B. storage temperature
C. composition of gas phase
D. all of these
Question 60
What is the primary source of food for marine life?
A. Phytoplankton
B. Zooplankton
C. Sea weed
D. Grass
Question 61
Which of the following has more tolerance for acidic pH (lower pH)?
A. Yeast and moulds
B. Bacteria
C. E. coli
D. None of these
Question 62
Which of the following is the suitable temperature range for mesophiles?
A. 20-30°C
B. 25-40°C
C. >40°C
D. None of these
Question 63
Which of the following organisms typically get their carbon for biosynthesis from organic compounds?
A. Aerobic, glucose-respiring bacteria (aerobic respiration)
B. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (chemolithotrophic bacteria)
C. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria (phototrophic metabolism)
D. None of the above