Question 1
Statements: No women teacher can play. Some women teachers are athletes. Conclusions: I. Male athletes can play. II. Some athletes can play.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, neither conclusion follows.
Question 2
Statements: All bags are cakes. All lamps are cakes. Conclusions: I. Some lamps are bags. II. No lamp is bag.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'cakes' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or II follows.
Question 3
Statements: All mangoes are golden in colour. No golden-coloured things are cheap. Conclusions: I. All mangoes are cheap. II. Golden-coloured mangoes are not cheap.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Clearly, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No mango is cheap'. Since all mangoes are golden in colour, we may substitute 'mangoes' with 'golden-coloured mangoes'. Thus, II follows.
Question 4
Statements: Some kings are queens. All queens are beautiful. Conclusions: I. All kings are beautiful. II. All queens are kings.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular. So, neither I nor II follows.
Question 5
Statements: Some doctors are fools. Some fools are rich. Conclusions: I. Some doctors are rich II. Some rich are doctors.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 6
Statements: All roads are waters. Some waters are boats. Conclusions: I. Some boats are roads. II. All waters are boats.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The first premise is A type and distributes the subject. So, the middle term 'waters' which forms its predicate, is not distributed. The second premise is I type and does not distribute either subject or predicate. So, the middle term 'waters' forming its subject is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 7
Statements: No bat is ball. No ball is wicket. Conclusions: I. No bat is wicket. II. All wickets are bats.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are negative, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 8
Statements: All flowers are trees. No fruit is tree. Conclusions: I. No fruit is flower. II. Some trees are flowers.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
As discussed above, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No flower is fruit'. I is the converse of this conclusion and thus it follows. II is the converse of the first premise and so it also holds.
Question 9
Statements: Every minister is a student. Every student is inexperienced. Conclusions: I. Every minister is inexperienced. II. Some inexperienced are students.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
'Every' is equivalent to 'All'. Thus, since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of the second premise and thus it also holds.
Question 10
Statements: All roads are poles. No pole is a house. Conclusions: I. Some roads are houses. II. Some houses are poles.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. So, neither I nor II follows.
Question 11
Statements: All fish are tortoise. No tortoise is a crocodile. Conclusions: I. No crocodile is a fish. II. No fish is a crocodile.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. Also, the conclusion should not contain the middle term. So, II follows; I is the converse of II and thus it also holds.
Question 12
Statements: Some dedicated souls are angels. All social workers are angels. Conclusions: I. Some dedicated souls are social workers. II. Some social workers are dedicated souls.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The first premise is an I type proposition. So, the middle term 'angels' forming the predicate is not distributed. The second premise is an A type proposition. So, the middle term 'angels' forming the predicate is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 13
Statements: No gentleman is poor. All gentlemen are rich. Conclusions: I. No poor man is rich. II. No rich man is poor.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The first premise is an E-type proposition, So, the middle term 'gentleman' forming the subject is distributed. The second premise is an A-type proposition. So, the middle term 'gentlemen' forming the subject is distributed. Since the middle term is distributed twice, the conclusion cannot be universal. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Thus, it follows that 'Some rich men are not poor'. Thus, neither I nor II follows.
Question 14
Statements: Some swords are sharp. All swords are rusty Conclusions: I. Some rusty things are sharp. II. Some rusty things are not sharp.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. Since both the premises are affirmative, the conclusion cannot be negative. Thus, II does not follow.
Question 15
Statements: All fishes are grey in colour. Some fishes are heavy. Conclusions: I. All heavy fishes are grey in colour. II. All light fishes are not grey in colour.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some heavy things are grey in colour'. I is a cumulative result of this conclusion and the first premise. Thus, only I holds.
Question 16
Statements: All good athletes win. All good athletes eat well. Conclusions: I. All those who eat well are good athletes. II. All those who win eat well.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'good athletes' is distributed twice in the premises, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So it follows that 'Some of those who win, eat well'.
Question 17
Statements: All film stars are playback singers. All film directors are film stars. Conclusions: I. All film directors are playback singers. II. Some film stars are film directors.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of the second premise and so it also holds.
Question 18
Statements: All hill stations have a sun-set point. X is a hill station. Conclusions: I. X has a sun-set point. II. Places other than hill stations do not have sun-set points.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, only I follows.
Question 19
Statements: Some dreams are nights. Some nights are days. Conclusions: I. All days are either nights or dreams. II. Some days are nights.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and thus it holds.
Question 20
Statements: All jungles are tigers. Some tigers are horses. Conclusions: I. Some horses are jungles. II. No horse is jungle.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'tigers' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or II follows.
Question 21
Statements: All poles are guns. Some boats are not poles. Conclusions: I. All guns are boats. II. Some boats are not guns.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Clearly, the term 'guns' is distributed in both the conclusions without being distributed in any of the premises. So, neither conclusion follows.
Question 22
Statements: Many scooters are trucks. All trucks are trains. Conclusions: I. Some scooters are trains. II. No truck is a scooter.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since the first premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, only I follows.
Question 23
Statements: Some papers are pens. Angle is a paper. Conclusions: I. Angle is not a pen. II. Angle is a pen.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'papers' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
Question 24
Statements: All birds are tall. Some tall are hens. Conclusions: I. Some birds are hens. II. Some hens are tall.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'tall' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and so it holds.
Question 25
Statements: Some papers are pens. Some pencils are pens. Conclusions: I. Some pens are pencils. II. Some pens are papers.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of second premise, while II is the converse of the first premise. So, both of them hold.
Question 26
Statements: Some men are educated. Educated persons prefer small families. Conclusions: I. All small families are educated. II. Some men prefer small families.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, only II follows.
Question 27
Statements: All educated people read newspapers. Rahul does not read newspaper. Conclusions: I. Rahul is not educated. II. Reading newspaper is not essential to be educated.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, only I follows.
Question 28
Statements: All pens are chalks. All chairs are chalks. Conclusions: I. Some pens are chairs. II. Some chalks are pens.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'chalks' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the first premise and so it holds.
Question 29
Statements: Bureaucrats marry only intelligent girls. Tanya is very intelligent. Conclusions: I. Tanya will marry a bureaucrat. II. Tanya will not marry a bureaucrat.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The data does not mention whether all intelligent girls are married to bureaucrats. So, either I or II may follow.
Question 30
Statements: Some engineers are fools. Anand is an engineer. Conclusions: I. Some fools are engineers. II. Anand is a fool.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'engineer' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of the first premise and thus it holds.
Question 31
Statements: All windows are doors. No door is wall. Conclusions: I. No window is wall. II. No wall is door.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. Also, the conclusion should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and thus it also holds,
Question 32
Statements: Most teachers are boys. Some boys are students. Conclusions: I. Some students are boys. II. Some teachers are students.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of the second premise and thus it holds.
Question 33
Statements: No man is a donkey. Rahul is a man. Conclusions: I. Rahul is not a donkey. II. All men are not Rahul.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since on premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Conclusion II cannot follow as it contains the middle term. So, only I follows.
Question 34
Statements: Some books are pens. No pen is pencil. Conclusions: I. Some books are pencils. II. No book is pencil.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some books are not pencils'. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
Question 35
Statements: All men are married. Some men are educated. Conclusions: I. Some married are educated. II. Some educated are married.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of I and thus it also holds.
Question 36
Statements: All tubes are handles. All cups are handles. Conclusions: I. All cups are tubes. II. Some handles are not cups.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Both the premises are A type propositions. So, in either, the middle term 'handles' forming the predicate is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows
Question 37
Statements: No magazine is cap. All caps are cameras. Conclusions: I. No camera is magazine. II. Some cameras are magazines.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some cameras are not magazines'. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
Question 38
Statements: All huts are mansions. All mansions are temples. Conclusions: I. Some temples are huts. II. Some temples are mansions.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
As discussed above, it follows that 'All huts are temples'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. II is the converse of the second premise and so it also holds.
Question 39
Statements: Some books are tables. Some tables are mirrors. Conclusions: I. Some mirrors are books. II. No book is mirror.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
Question 40
Statements: All trucks fly. Some scooters fly. Conclusions: I. All trucks are scooters. II. Some scooters do not fly.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'fly' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 41
Statements: Raman is always successful. No fool is always successful. Conclusions: I. Raman is a fool. II. Raman is not a fool.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, only II follows.
Question 42
Statements: Some desks are caps. No cap is red. Conclusions: I. Some caps are desks. II. No desk is red.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular and the other premise is negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some desks are not red'. However, I is the converse of the first premise and thus it holds.
Question 43
Statements: Some hens are cows. All cows are horses. Conclusions: I. Some horses are hens. II. Some hens are horses.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, II follows. I is the converse of II and so it also holds.
Question 44
Statements: All water is divine. All temples are divine. Conclusions: I. All water is temple. II. All temples are water.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'divine' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn.
Question 45
Statements: All men are dogs. All dogs are cats. Conclusions: I. All men are cats. II. All cats are men.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative. However, conclusion II, being an A-type proposition, distributes the term 'cats'.
Since the term 'cats' is distributed in II without being distributed in any of the premises, so conclusion II cannot follow. Thus, only I follows.
Question 46
Statements: All young scientists are open-minded. No open-minded men are superstitious. Conclusions: I. No scientist is superstitious. II. No young people are superstitious.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The subject in both the conclusions is vague. The true conclusion is 'No young scientist is superstitious'. Thus, neither I nor II follows,
Question 47
Statements: Some pastries are toffees. All toffees are chocolates. Conclusions: I. Some chocolates are toffees. II. Some toffees are not pastries.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, it follows that 'Some pastries are chocolates', I is the converse of the second premise and so it holds. Since both the premises are affirmative, the conclusion cannot be negative. Thus, II does not follow.
Question 48
Statements: All boys are honest. Sachin is honest. Conclusions: I. Sachin is a boy. II. All honest persons are boys.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Both the premises are A type propositions. So, the middle term 'honest' forming the predicate in each is not distributed in either. Since the middle term is not distributed even once, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 49
Statements: All pens are roads. All roads are houses. Conclusions: I. All houses are pens. II. Some houses are pens.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All pens are houses'. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. Since the term 'houses' is distributed in I without being distributed in any of the premises, so I does not follow.
Question 50
Statements: All artists are smokers. Some smokers are drunkards. Conclusions: I. All smokers are artists. II. Some drunkards are not smokers.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'smokers' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 51
Statements: All cars are cats. All fans are cats. Conclusions: I. All cars are fans II. Some fans are cars.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'cats' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 52
Statements : All pens are chalks. All chairs are chalks.
Conclusions :
I. Some pens are chairs.
II. Some chalks are pens.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'chalks' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the first premise and so it holds.
Question 53
Statements : Bureaucrats marry only intelligent girls. Tanya is very intelligent.
Conclusions :
I. Tanya will marry a bureaucrat.
II. Tanya will not marry a bureaucrat.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The data does not mention whether all intelligent girls are married to bureaucrats. So, either I or II may follow.
Question 54
Statements : Some engineers are fools. Anand is an engineer.
Conclusions :
I. Some fools are engineers.
II. Anand is a fool.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'engineer' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of the first premise and thus it holds.
Question 55
Statements : All windows are doors. No door is wall.
Conclusions :
I. No window is wall.
II. No wall is door.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. Also, the conclusion should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and thus it also holds,
Question 56
Statements : Most teachers are boys. Some boys are students.
Conclusions :
I. Some students are boys.
II. Some teachers are students.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of the second premise and thus it holds.
Question 57
Statements : No women teacher can play. Some women teachers are athletes.
Conclusions :
I. Male athletes can play.
II. Some athletes can play.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, neither conclusion follows.
Question 58
Statements : No man is a donkey. Rahul is a man.
Conclusions :
I. Rahul is not a donkey.
II. All men are not Rahul.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since on premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Conclusion II cannot follow as it contains the middle term. So, only I follows.
Question 59
Statements : Some books are pens. No pen is pencil.
Conclusions :
I. Some books are pencils.
II. No book is pencil.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some books are not pencils'. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
Question 60
Statements : All bags are cakes. All lamps are cakes.
Conclusions :
I. Some lamps are bags.
II. No lamp is bag.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'cakes' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or II follows.
Question 61
Statements : All mangoes are golden in colour. No golden-coloured things are cheap.
Conclusions :
I. All mangoes are cheap.
II. Golden-coloured mangoes are not cheap.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Clearly, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No mango is cheap'. Since all mangoes are golden in colour, we may substitute 'mangoes' with 'golden-coloured mangoes'. Thus, II follows.
Question 62
Statements : All men are married. Some men are educated.
Conclusions :
I. Some married are educated.
II. Some educated are married.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of I and thus it also holds.
Question 63
Statements : Some kings are queens. All queens are beautiful.
Conclusions :
I. All kings are beautiful.
II. All queens are kings.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular. So, neither I nor II follows.
Question 64
Statements : All tubes are handles. All cups are handles.
Conclusions :
I. All cups are tubes.
II. Some handles are not cups.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Both the premises are A type propositions. So, in either, the middle term 'handles' forming the predicate is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows
Question 65
Statements : No magazine is cap. All caps are cameras.
Conclusions :
I. No camera is magazine.
II. Some cameras are magazines.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some cameras are not magazines'. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
Question 66
Statements : Some doctors are fools. Some fools are rich.
Conclusions :
I. Some doctors are rich
II. Some rich are doctors.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 67
Statements : All huts are mansions. All mansions are temples.
Conclusions :
I. Some temples are huts.
II. Some temples are mansions.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
As discussed above, it follows that 'All huts are temples'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. II is the converse of the second premise and so it also holds.
Question 68
Statements : All roads are waters. Some waters are boats.
Conclusions :
I. Some boats are roads.
II. All waters are boats.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The first premise is A type and distributes the subject. So, the middle term 'waters' which forms its predicate, is not distributed. The second premise is I type and does not distribute either subject or predicate. So, the middle term 'waters' forming its subject is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 69
Statements : Some books are tables. Some tables are mirrors.
Conclusions :
I. Some mirrors are books.
II. No book is mirror.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
Question 70
Statements : No bat is ball. No ball is wicket.
Conclusions :
I. No bat is wicket.
II. All wickets are bats.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are negative, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 71
Statements : All trucks fly. Some scooters fly.
Conclusions :
I. All trucks are scooters.
II. Some scooters do not fly.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'fly' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 72
Statements : All flowers are trees. No fruit is tree.
Conclusions :
I. No fruit is flower.
II. Some trees are flowers.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
As discussed above, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No flower is fruit'. I is the converse of this conclusion and thus it follows. II is the converse of the first premise and so it also holds.
Question 73
Statements : Raman is always successful. No fool is always successful.
Conclusions :
I. Raman is a fool.
II. Raman is not a fool.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, only II follows.
Question 74
Statements : Every minister is a student. Every student is inexperienced.
Conclusions :
I. Every minister is inexperienced.
II. Some inexperienced are students.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Every' is equivalent to 'All'. Thus, since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of the second premise and thus it also holds.
Question 75
Statements : Some desks are caps. No cap is red.
Conclusions :
I. Some caps are desks.
II. No desk is red.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular and the other premise is negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some desks are not red'. However, I is the converse of the first premise and thus it holds.
Question 76
Statements : All roads are poles. No pole is a house.
Conclusions :
I. Some roads are houses.
II. Some houses are poles.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. So, neither I nor II follows.
Question 77
Statements : Some hens are cows. All cows are horses.
Conclusions :
I. Some horses are hens.
II. Some hens are horses.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, II follows. I is the converse of II and so it also holds.
Question 78
Statements : All fish are tortoise. No tortoise is a crocodile.
Conclusions :
I. No crocodile is a fish.
II. No fish is a crocodile.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. Also, the conclusion should not contain the middle term. So, II follows; I is the converse of II and thus it also holds.
Question 79
Statements : All water is divine. All temples are divine.
Conclusions :
I. All water is temple.
II. All temples are water.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'divine' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn.
Question 80
Statements : Some dedicated souls are angels. All social workers are angels.
Conclusions :
I. Some dedicated souls are social workers.
II. Some social workers are dedicated souls.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The first premise is an I type proposition. So, the middle term 'angels' forming the predicate is not distributed. The second premise is an A type proposition. So, the middle term 'angels' forming the predicate is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 81
Statements : All men are dogs. All dogs are cats.
Conclusions :
I. All men are cats.
II. All cats are men.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative. However, conclusion II, being an A-type proposition, distributes the term 'cats'. Since the term 'cats' is distributed in II without being distributed in any of the premises, so conclusion II cannot follow. Thus, only I follows.
Question 82
Statements : No gentleman is poor. All gentlemen are rich.
Conclusions :
I. No poor man is rich.
II. No rich man is poor.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The first premise is an E-type proposition, So, the middle term 'gentleman' forming the subject is distributed. The second premise is an A-type proposition. So, the middle term 'gentlemen' forming the subject is distributed. Since the middle term is distributed twice, the conclusion cannot be universal. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Thus, it follows that 'Some rich men are not poor'. Thus, neither I nor II follows.
Question 83
Statements : All young scientists are open-minded. No open-minded men are superstitious.
Conclusions :
I. No scientist is superstitious.
II. No young people are superstitious.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The subject in both the conclusions is vague. The true conclusion is 'No young scientist is superstitious'. Thus, neither I nor II follows,
Question 84
Statements : Some swords are sharp. All swords are rusty.
Conclusions :
I. Some rusty things are sharp.
II. Some rusty things are not sharp.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. Since both the premises are affirmative, the conclusion cannot be negative. Thus, II does not follow.
Question 85
Statements : Some pastries are toffees. All toffees are chocolates.
Conclusions :
I. Some chocolates are toffees.
II. Some toffees are not pastries.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, it follows that 'Some pastries are chocolates', I is the converse of the second premise and so it holds. Since both the premises are affirmative, the conclusion cannot be negative. Thus, II does not follow.
Question 86
Statements : All fishes are grey in colour. Some fishes are heavy.
Conclusions :
I. All heavy fishes are grey in colour.
II. All light fishes are not grey in colour.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some heavy things are grey in colour'. I is a cumulative result of this conclusion and the first premise. Thus, only I holds.
Question 87
Statements : All boys are honest. Sachin is honest.
Conclusions :
I. Sachin is a boy.
II. All honest persons are boys.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Both the premises are A type propositions. So, the middle term 'honest' forming the predicate in each is not distributed in either. Since the middle term is not distributed even once, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 88
Statements : All good athletes win. All good athletes eat well.
Conclusions :
I. All those who eat well are good athletes.
II. All those who win eat well.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'good athletes' is distributed twice in the premises, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So it follows that 'Some of those who win, eat well'.
Question 89
Statements : All pens are roads. All roads are houses.
Conclusions :
I. All houses are pens.
II. Some houses are pens.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All pens are houses'. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. Since the term 'houses' is distributed in I without being distributed in any of the premises, so I does not follow.
Question 90
Statements : All film stars are playback singers. All film directors are film stars.
Conclusions :
I. All film directors are playback singers.
II. Some film stars are film directors.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of the second premise and so it also holds.
Question 91
Statements : All artists are smokers. Some smokers are drunkards.
Conclusions :
I. All smokers are artists.
II. Some drunkards are not smokers.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'smokers' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 92
Statements : All hill stations have a sun-set point. X is a hill station.
Conclusions :
I. X has a sun-set point.
II. Places other than hill stations do not have sun-set points.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, only I follows.
Question 93
Statements : Some dreams are nights. Some nights are days.
Conclusions :
I. All days are either nights or dreams.
II. Some days are nights.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and thus it holds.
Question 94
Statements : All cars are cats. All fans are cats.
Conclusions :
I. All cars are fans
II. Some fans are cars.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'cats' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 95
Statements :All jungles are tigers. Some tigers are horses.
Conclusions :
I. Some horses are jungles.
II. No horse is jungle.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'tigers' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or II follows.
Question 96
Statements :All cars are cats. All fans are cats.
Conclusions :
I. All cars are fans
II. Some fans are cars.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'cats' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 97
Statements : All poles are guns. Some boats are not poles.
Conclusions :
I. All guns are boats.
II. Some boats are not guns.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Clearly, the term 'guns' is distributed in both the conclusions without being distributed in any of the premises. So, neither conclusion follows.
Question 98
Statements :All cars are cats. All fans are cats.
Conclusions :
I. All cars are fans.
II. Some fans are cars.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'cats' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 99
Statements : Many scooters are trucks. All trucks are trains.
Conclusions :
I. Some scooters are trains.
II. No truck is a scooter.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since the first premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, only I follows.
Question 100
Statements : Some papers are pens. Angle is a paper.
Conclusions :
I. Angle is not a pen.
II. Angle is a pen.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'papers' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
Question 101
Statements : All branches are flowers. All flowers are leaves.
Conclusions :
I. All branches are leaves.
II. All leaves are branches.
III. All flowers are branches.
IV. Some leaves are branches.
A. None follows
B. Only I and IV follow
C. Only II and III follow
D. All follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All branches are leaves'. Thus, I follows. IV is the converse of this conclusion and so it also holds.
Question 102
Statements : All birds are tall. Some tall are hens.
Conclusions :
I. Some birds are hens.
II. Some hens are tall.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'tall' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and so it holds.
Question 103
Statements : Some bags are pockets. No pocket is a pouch.
Conclusions :
I. No bag is a pouch.
II. Some bags are not pouches.
III. Some pockets are bags.
IV. No pocket is a bag,
A. None follows
B. Only I and III follow
C. Only II and III follow
D. Only either I or IV follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, II follows. III is the converse of the first premise and thus it also holds.
Question 104
Statements : Some papers are pens. Some pencils are pens.
Conclusions :
I. Some pens are pencils.
II. Some pens are papers.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of second premise, while II is the converse of the first premise. So, both of them hold.
Question 105
Statements : All aeroplanes are trains. Some trains are chairs.
Conclusions :
I. Some aeroplanes are chairs.
II. Some chairs are aeroplanes.
III. Some chairs are trains.
IV. Some trains are aeroplanes.
A. None follows
B. Only I and II follow
C. Only II and III follow
D. Only III and IV follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'trains' is not distributed even once in the/premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, III is the converse of the second premise while IV is the converse of the first premise. So, both of them hold.
Question 106
Statements : Some men are educated. Educated persons prefer small families.
Conclusions :
I. All small families are educated.
II. Some men prefer small families.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, only II follows.
Question 107
Statements : All educated people read newspapers. Rahul does not read newspaper.
Conclusions :
I. Rahul is not educated.
II. Reading newspaper is not essential to be educated.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, only I follows.
Question 108
Statements : All politicians are honest. All honest are fair.
Conclusions :
I. Some honest are politicians.
II. No honest is politician.
III. Some fair are politicians.
IV. All fair are politicians.
A. None follows.
B. Only I follows.
C. Only I and II follow.
D. Only I and III follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Clearly, it follows that 'All politicians are fair'. I is the converse of the first premise, while III is the converse of the above conclusion. So, both I and III hold.
Question 109
Statements : Some clothes are marbles. Some marbles are bags.
Conclusions :
I. No cloth is a bag.
II. All marbles are bags.
III. Some bags are clothes.
IV. No marble is a cloth.
A. Only either I or IV follows
B. Only either I or II follows
C. None follows
D. Only either I or III follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and III involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or III follows.
Question 110
Statements : Some tables are TVs. Some TVs are radios.
Conclusions :
I. Some tables are radios.
II. Some radios are tables.
III. All radios are TVs.
IV. All TVs are tables.
A. None follows
B. All follow
C. Only I and III follow
D. Only II and IV follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 111
Statements : All terrorists are guilty. All terrorists are criminals.
Conclusions :
I. Either all criminals are guilty or all guilty are criminals.
II. Some guilty persons are criminals.
III. Generally criminals are guilty.
IV. Crime and guilt go together.
A. Only I follows
B. Only I and III follow
C. Only II follows
D. Only II and IV follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'terrorists' is distributed twice in the premises, the conclusion cannot be universal. So, it follows that 'Some guilty persons are criminals'. Thus, II holds.
Question 112
Statements : Some books are pens. No pen is pencil.
Conclusions :
I. Some pens are books.
II. Some pencils are books.
III. Some books are not pencils.
IV. All pencils are books.
A. Only I follows
B. Only II and III follow
C. Only I and III follow
D. Only I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. Thus, III follows. I is the converse of the first premise and so it also holds.
Question 113
Statements : Some bottles are drinks. All drinks are cups.
Conclusions :
I. Some bottles are cups.
II. Some cups are drinks.
III. All drinks are bottles.
IV. All cups are drinks.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only II and III follow
C. Only II and IV follow
D. Only III and IV follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some bottles are cups'. Thus, I follows. II is the converse of the second premise and so it also holds.
Question 114
Statements : All snakes are trees. Some trees are roads. All roads are mountains.
Conclusions :
I. Some mountains are snakes.
II. Some roads are snakes.
III. Some mountains are trees.
A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Only III follows
D. Both I and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
All snakes are trees. Some trees are roads.Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, so no definite conclusion follows.Some trees are roads. All roads are mountains.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some trees are mountains'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.All snakes are trees. Some trees are mountains.Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, so no definite conclusion follows.
Question 115
Statements : Some houses are offices. Some offices are schools.
Conclusions :
I. Some schools are houses.
II. Some offices are houses.
III. No house is school.
IV. Some schools are offices.
A. Only II and III follow
B. Only I and IV follow
C. Only either III or IV, and I follow
D. Only II and IV and either I or III follow.
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and III involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or III follows. II is the converse of the first premise while IV is the converse of the second premise. Thus, both of them hold.
Question 116
Statements : All trees are flowers. No flower is fruit. All branches are fruits.
Conclusions :
I. Some branches are trees.
II. No fruit is tree.
III. No tree is branch.
A. Only I follows
B. Only either I or III follows
C. Only II follows
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
All trees are flowers. No flower is fruit.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No tree is fruit'. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it follows.All branches are fruits. No flower is fruit.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No branch is flower'.All trees are flowers. No branch is tree.As discussed above, it follows that 'No tree is branch'. So, III follows.Hence, both II and III follow.
Question 117
Statements : Some taxis have horns. Some taxis have lights.
Conclusions :
I. Every taxi has either horn or light.
II. Some taxis have neither light nor horn.
III. Some taxis have horns as well as lights.
IV. No taxi has horn as well as light.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only II and III follow
C. Only II and IV follow
D. Either III or IV follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, III and IV form a complementary pair. Thus, either III or IV follows.
Question 118
Statements : All fruits are vegetables. All pens are vegetables. All vegetables are rains.
Conclusions :
I. All fruits are rains.
II. All pens are rains.
III. Some rains are vegetables.
A. Only I follows
B. Only I and II follow
C. Only II and III follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
III is the converse of the third premise and so it holds.All fruits are vegetables. All vegetables are rains.The conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term.So, it follows that 'All fruits are rains'. Thus, I follows.All pens are vegetables. All vegetables are rains.Clearly, it follows that 'All pens are rains'. Thus, II follows.
Question 119
Statements : Some uniforms are covers. All covers are papers. All papers are bags.
Conclusions :
I. All covers are bags.
II. Some bags are covers, papers and uniforms.
III. Some uniforms are not papers.
A. Only I follows
B. Only I and II follow
C. Only III follows
D. All I, II and III follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Some uniforms are covers. All covers are papers.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some uniforms are papers'. All covers are papers. All papers are bags.Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative (A-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All covers are bags'. Thus, I follows. The converse of this conclusion i.e. 'Some bags are covers' also holds.Some uniforms are covers. All covers are bags.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some uniforms are bags', The converse of this conclusion i.e. 'Some bags are uniforms' also holds.Further, the converse of the third premise i.e. 'Some bags are papers' holds.Now, II is the cumulative result of the conclusions 'Some bags are covers', 'Some bags are papers' and 'Some bags are uniforms'. Thus, II follows.
Question 120
Statements : Some towels are brushes. No brush is soap. All soaps are rats.
Conclusions :
I. Some rats are brushes.
II. No rat is brush.
III. Some towels are soaps.
A. None follows
B. Only either I or II follows
C. Only II follows
D. Only I and III follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Some towels are brushes. No brush is soap.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some towels are not soaps'. No brush is soap. All soaps are rats.Since the middle term is distributed twice, the conclusion must be particular. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, it follows that 'Some brushes are not rats'. Since I and II involve the same terms and form a complementary pair, so either I or II follows.
Question 121
Statements : No rabbit is lion. Some horses are lions. All rabbits are tables.
Conclusions :
I. Some tables are lions.
II. Some horses are rabbits.
III. No lion is table.
A. None follows
B. Only either I or III follows
C. Only II and III follow
D. Only III follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Some horses are lions. No rabbit is lion.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term.So, it follows that 'Some horses are not rabbits'.All rabbits are tables. No rabbit is lion.Since the middle term 'rabbits' is distributed twice, the conclusion must be particular.Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, it follows that 'Some tables are not lions'. Since I and III involve the same terms and form a complementary pair, so either I or III follows.
Question 122
Statements : All benches are desks. Some desks are roads. All roads are pillars.
Conclusions :
I. Some pillars are benches.
II. Some pillars are desks.
III. Some roads are benches.
IV. No pillar is bench.
A. None follows
B. Only either I or IV, and III follow
C. Only either I or IV follows
D. Only either I or IV, and II follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
All benches are desks. Some desks are roads.Since the middle term 'desks' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.Some desks are roads. All roads are pillars.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some desks are pillars'. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.All benches are desks. Some desks are pillars.Since the middle term 'desks' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and IV involve the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or IV follows.
Question 123
Statements : Some pictures are frames. Some frames are idols. All idols are curtains.
Conclusions :
I. Some curtains are pictures.
II. Some curtains are frames.
III. Some idols are frames.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only II and III follow
C. Only I and III follow
D. All follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
III is the converse of the second premise and so it holds.Some pictures are frames. Some frames are idols.Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.Some frames are idols. All idols are curtains.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some frames are curtains'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.Some pictures are frames. Some frames are curtains.Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn.
Question 124
Statements : Some dogs are rats. All rats are trees. Some trees are not dogs.
Conclusions :
I. Some trees are dogs.
II. All dogs are trees.
III. All rats are dogs.
IV. No tree is dog.
A. None follows
B. Only I follows
C. Only I and II follow
D. Only II and III follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Some dogs are rats. All rats are trees.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some dogs are trees'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.All rats are trees. Some trees are not dogs.Since the middle term 'trees' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 125
Statements : Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are deserts. All deserts are roads.
Conclusions :
I. Some roads are rivers.
II. Some roads are hills.
III. Some deserts are hills.
A. None follows
B. Only I follows
C. Only I and II follow
D. Only II and III follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are deserts.Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.Some rivers are deserts. All deserts are roads.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and shouldn't contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some rivers are roads'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are roads.Again, since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 126
Statements : Some bricks are trees. All trees are pens. All pens are boats.
Conclusions :
I. Some boats are bricks.
II. Some pens are bricks.
III. Some trees are bricks.
IV. Some bricks are boats.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only III and IV follow
C. None follows
D. All follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
III is the converse of the first premise and so it holds.Some bricks are trees. All trees are pens.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some bricks are pens'. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.All trees are pens. All pens are boats.Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All trees are boats'.Some bricks are trees. All trees are boats.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some bricks are boats'. Thus, IV follows. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it also holds.
Question 127
Statements : Some saints are balls. All balls are bats. Some tigers are balls.
Conclusions :
I. Some bats are tigers.
II. Some saints are bats.
III. All bats are balls.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only II follows
C. Only I and III follow
D. Only III follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Some saints are balls. All balls are bats.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some saints are bats'. Thus, II follows. Some tigers are balls. All balls are bats.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some tigers are bats'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.
Question 128
Statements : All cups are glasses. Some glasses are bowls. No bowl is a plate.
Conclusions :
I. No cup is a plate.
II. No glass is a plate.
III. Some plates are bowls.
IV. Some cups are not glasses.
A. None follows
B. Only either I or III follows
C. Only II and III follow
D. Only III and IV follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
All cups are glasses. Some glasses are bowls.Since the middle term 'glasses' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.Some glasses are bowls. No bowl is a plate.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some glasses are not plates'.
Question 129
Statements : Some pens are books. All schools are books. Some colleges are schools.
Conclusions :
I. Some colleges are pens.
II. Some pens are schools.
III. Some colleges are books.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only II and III follow
C. Only I and III follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Some pens are books. All schools are books.Since the middle term 'books' is not distributed even once in the premises, so no definite conclusion follows.Some colleges are schools. All schools are books.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term.So, it follows that 'Some colleges are books'. Thus, III follows.Some pens are books. Some colleges are books.Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn.Hence, only III follows.
Question 130
Statements : Some trains are roads. No road is jungle. All flowers are jungles.
Conclusions:
I. Some trains are flowers.
II. Some trains are jungles.
III. Some flowers are trains.
IV. No road is flower.
A. None follows
B. Only II follows
C. Only III follows
D. Only IV follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Some trains are roads. No road is jungle.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some trains are not jungles'.No road is jungle. All flowers are jungles.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No flower is road'. IV is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.Some trains are roads, No flower is road.As discussed above, it follows that 'Some trains are not flowers'.
Question 131
Statements : All trains are buses. No room is bus. All boats are rooms.
Conclusions :
I. No boat is train.
II. No bus is boat.
III. No train is room.
A. Only I follows
B. Only I and II follow
C. Only II and III follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
All trains are buses. No room is bus.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No train is room'. Thus, III follows.All boats are rooms. No room is bus.As discussed above, it follows that 'No boat is bus'.II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. All trains are buses. No boat is bus.Again, it follows that 'No train is boat'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.
Question 132
Statements : Some mountains are hillocks. Some mountains are rivers. Some mountains are valleys.
Conclusions :
I. All mountains are either hillocks or rivers or valleys.
II. No valley is river.
III. Some river are valleys.
A. None follows
B. Only I follows
C. Only either II or III follows
D. Only III follows
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since each combination of premises shall contain two particular premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn. However, II and III are statements involving the extreme terms of the last two premises and form a complementary pair. Thus, either II or III follows.
Question 133
Statements : All doors are buses. All buses are leaves. No leaf is a flower.
Conclusions :
I. No flower is a door.
II. No flower is a bus.
III. Some leaves are doors.
IV. Some leaves are buses.
A. Only I follows
B. Only I and II follow
C. Only II and III follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
IV is the converse of the second premise and so it holds.All doors are buses. All buses are leaves.Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All doors are leaves'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.All buses are leaves. No leaf is a flower.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No bus is flower'. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.All doors are buses. No bus is flower.As discussed above, it follows that 'No door is flower'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it also holds.
Question 134
Statements : Some blades are hammers. Some hammers are knives. Some knives are axes.
Conclusions :
I. Some axes are hammers.
II. Some knives are blades.
III. Some axes are blades.
A. None follows
B. Only I follows
C. Only II follows
D. Only III follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since each combination of premises has two particular premises, so no definite conclusion follows.
Question 135
Statements : All oceans are rivers. Some springs are rivers. All wells are springs.
Conclusions :
I. Some springs are oceans.
II. Some wells are rivers.
III. Some rivers are oceans.
IV. No well is river.
A. None follows
B. Only either I or III, and IV follow
C. Only either II or IV, and III follow
D. All follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
III is the converse of the first premise and so it holds.All oceans are rivers. Some springs are rivers.Since the middle term 'rivers' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.All wells are springs. Some springs are rivers.Since the middle term 'springs' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II and IV involve the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either II or IV follows.
Question 136
Statements : Some boxes are hammers. Some hammers are beads. All beads are rings.
Conclusions :
I. Some rings are hammers.
II. Some hammers are boxes.
III. Some rings are boxes.
A. None follows
B. Only I follows
C. Only I and II follow
D. Only II and III follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
II is the converse of first premise and so it holds.Some boxes are hammers. Some hammers are beads.Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn.Some hammers are beads. All beads are rings.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some hammers are rings'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.Some boxes are hammers. Some hammers are rings.Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn.
Question 137
Statements : Some tigers are lions. Some lions are rabbits. Some rabbits are horses.
Conclusions :
I. Some tigers are horses.
II. Some rabbits are tigers.
III. Some horses are lions.
IV. All horses are rabbits.
A. All follow
B. None follows
C. Only I and II follow
D. Only II and IV follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since each combination of premises shall contain two particular premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn.
Question 138
Statements : Some blankets are beds. Some pillows are blankets. All beds are pillows.
Conclusions :
I. Some blankets are pillows.
II. Some pillows are beds.
III. Some beds are blankets.
A. Only either I or II follows
B. Only I and either II or III follow
C. Only III and either I or II follow
D. All I, II and III follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
I is the converse of the second premise, II is the converse of the third premise and III is the converse of the first premise and as such, all three of them follow.
Question 139
Statements : Some spoons are bowls. All bowls are knives. All knives are forks.
Conclusions :
I. All spoons are forks.
II. All bowls are forks.
III. Some knives are bowls.
IV. Some forks are spoons.
A. Only II and III follow
B. Only II and IV follow
C. Only III and IV follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
III is the converse of the second premise and so it holds.Some spoons are bowls. All bowls are knives.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some spoons are knives'.All bowls are knives. All knives are forks.Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that.'All bowls are forks'. Thus, II follows.Some spoons are knives. All knives are forks.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term.So, it follows that 'Some spoons are forks'. IV is the converse of this conclusion and so it follows.Hence, II, III and IV follow.
Question 140
Statements : All pencils are birds. All birds are skies. All skies are hills.
Conclusions :
I. All pencils are hills.
II. All hills are birds
III. All skies are pencils.
IV. All birds are hills.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only I and III follow
C. Only III and IV follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
All pencils are birds. All birds are skies.Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative (A-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All pencils are skies'.All birds are skies. All skies are hills.As discussed above, it follows that 'All birds are hills'. Thus, IV follows.All pencils are skies. All skies are hills.Clearly, it follows that 'All pencils are hills'. Thus, I follows. Hence, I and IV follow.
Question 141
Statements : No tree is fruit. All fruits are stones. All stones are rains.
Conclusions :
I. No stone is tree.
II. No rain is tree.
III. Some rains are fruits.
IV. Some rains are trees.
A. Only either II or III, and I follow
B. None follows
C. Only either II or IV, and III follow
D. All follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
No tree is fruit. All fruits are stones.Since the middle term 'fruits' is distributed twice, the conclusion must be particular.Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, it follows that 'Some stones are not trees'.All fruits are stones. All stones are rains. Clearly, it follows that 'All fruits are rains'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.No tree is fruit, All fruits are rains. As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some rains are not trees'. However, II and IV involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either II or IV follows.
Question 142
Statements : All players are spectators. Some spectators are theatres. Some theatres are dramas.
Conclusions :
I. Some dramas are spectators.
II. Some players are dramas.
III. Some theatres are players.
IV. All spectators are players.
A. None follows
B. Only I and III follow
C. Only II follows
D. Only II and IV follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
All players are spectators. Some spectators are theatres.Since the middle term 'spectators' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.Some spectators are theatres. Some theatres are dramas.Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 143
Statements : All doors are roads. No road is fruit. Some flowers are doors.
Conclusions :
I. Some fruits are doors.
II. Some fruits are flowers.
III. Some roads are flowers.
IV. No fruit is flower.
A. Only either II or III, and IV follow
B. Only either II or IV, and III follow
C. Only either II or IV, and I follow
D. Only either II or IV follows
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
All doors are roads. No road is fruit.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No door is fruit.'Some flowers are doors. All doors are roads.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some flowers are roads'. Ill is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.Some flowers are roads. No road is fruit.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some flowers are not fruits'. II and IV involve the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either II or IV follows.
Question 144
Statements : All dolls are windows. All bottles are windows. All cars are bottles.
Conclusions :
I. All cars are windows.
II. Some cars are dolls.
III. Some windows are cars.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only II and III follow
C. Only I and III follow
D. All follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
All cars are bottles. All bottles are windows.Since both the premises are universal, the conclusion must be universal and shouldn't contain the middle term, So, it follows that 'All cars are windows'. Thus, I follows.Also, III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.All dolls are windows. All bottles are windows.Since the middle term 'windows' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.All cars are windows. All bottles are windows.Again, the middle term 'windows' is not distributed even once in the premises.So, no definite conclusion follows.
Question 145
Statements : All needles are threads. All threads are boxes. All trees are boxes.
Conclusions :
I. No needle is tree.
II. Some trees are threads.
III. Some boxes are needles.
IV. Some trees are needles.
A. Only I follows
B. Only either I or IV follows
C. Only either I or IV, and II follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
All needles are threads. All threads are boxes.Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative (A-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All needles are boxes'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.All threads are boxes. All trees are boxes.Since the middle term 'boxes' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.All needles are boxes. All trees are boxes.Again, since the middle term 'boxes' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn. However, I and IV involve the extreme terms of these two statements and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or IV follows.
Question 146
Statements : All tigers are lions. No cow is lion. Some camels are cows.
Conclusions :
I. Some lions are camels.
II. No camel is tiger.
III. Some tigers are cows.
A. None follows
B. Only I follows
C. Only II follows
D. Only III follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
All tigers are lions. No cow is lion.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and shouldn't contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No tiger is cow'.Some camels are cows. No cow is lion.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some camels are not lions'. Some camels are cows. No tiger is cow.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some camels are not tigers'.
Question 147
Statements : No house is school. All colleges are schools. All schools are teachers.
Conclusions :
I. No house is teacher.
II. All colleges are teachers.
III. Some teachers are not houses.
IV. No college is house.
A. None follows
B. Only either I or IV follows
C. Only II, III and IV follow
D. All follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
All colleges are schools. No house is school.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No college is house'. Thus, IV follows.All colleges are schools. All schools are teachers.Clearly, it follows that 'All colleges are teachers'. Thus, II follows.No house is school. All schools are teachers.Since the middle term 'schools' is distributed twice, the conclusion must be particular.Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, it follows that 'Some teachers are not houses'.
Question 148
Statements : All flowers are toys. Some toys are trees. Some angels are trees.
Conclusions :
I. Some angels are toys.
II. Some trees are flowers.
III. Some flowers are angels.
A. None follows
B. Only I follows
C. Only II follows
D. Only III follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
All flowers are toys. Some toys are trees.Since the middle term 'toys' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.Some toys are trees. Some angels are trees.Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn.
Question 149
Statements : Some pearls are stones. Some stones are diamonds. No diamond is a gem.
Conclusions :
I. Some gems are pearls.
II. Some gems are diamonds.
III. No gem is a diamond.
IV. No gem is a pearl.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only III and IV follow
C. Only either I or IV and either II or III follow
D. Only III and either I or IV follow
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
III is the converse of the third premise and so it holds.Some pearls are stones. Some stones are diamonds.Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.Some stones are diamonds. No diamond is a gem.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some stones are not gems'.However, I and IV involve the extreme terms of the three premises and form a complementary pair, Thus, either I or IV follows.
Question 150
Statements : Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow.
Conclusions :
I. No cow is cat.
II. No dog is rat.
III. Some cats are rats.
A. None follows
B. Only I and II follow
C. Only II and III follow
D. Only III follows
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
III is the converse of the first premise and so it holds.Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs.Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some cats are not cows'.
Question 151
Statements : All tigers are jungles. No jungle is bird. Some birds are rains.
Conclusions :
I. No rain is jungle.
II. Some rains are jungles.
III. No bird is tiger.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only III follows
C. Only either I or II, and III follow
D. All follow
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
All tigers are jungles. No jungle is bird.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and should not contain the middle term.So, it follows that 'No tiger is bird'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.No jungle is bird. Some birds are rains.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some jungles are not rains'.Since I and II also involve the same terms and form a complementary pair, so either I or II follows.
Question 152
Statements : All rods are bricks. Some bricks are ropes. All ropes are doors.
Conclusions :
I. Some rods are doors.
II. Some doors are bricks.
III. Some rods are not doors.
IV. All doors are ropes.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only I, II and III follow
C. Only either I or III, and II follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
All rods are bricks. Some bricks are ropes.Since the middle term 'bricks' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.Some bricks are ropes. All ropes are doors.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some bricks are doors'. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.All rods are bricks. Some bricks are doors.Since the middle term 'bricks' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.However, I and III involve the extreme terms. But, since they are not contradictory, they do not form a complementary pair.Hence, only II follows.
Question 153
Statements : All myths are fictions. No fiction is novel. All novels are stories.
Conclusions :
I. No myth is novel.
II. Some fictions are novels.
III. Some fictions are myths.
IV. Some myths are novels.
A. Only either I or II and both III and IV follow
B. Only either I or IV and II follow
C. Only either I or IV and both II and III follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
III is the converse of first premise and so it holds.All myths are fictions. No fiction is novel.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No myth is novel'. Thus, I follows.No fiction is novel. All novels are stories.Since the middle term 'novels' is distributed twice in the premises, the conclusion must be particular. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative.So, it follows that 'Some stories are not fictions'.Hence, only I and III follow.
Question 154
Statements : No paper is pen. No pen is pencil. All erasers are papers.
Conclusions :
I. Some papers are erasers.
II. No pencil is eraser.
III. No pen is eraser.
IV. All papers are erasers.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only II and III follow
C. Only I, II and III follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
I is the converse of the third premise and so it holds.No paper is pen. No pen is pencil.Since both the premises are negative, no definite conclusion follows.All erasers are papers. No paper is pen.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No eraser is pen'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.Hence, only I and III follow.
Question 155
Statements : No man is sky. No sky is road. Some men are roads.
Conclusions :
I. No road is man.
II. No road is sky.
III. Some skies are men.
IV. All roads are men.
A. Only Ii follows
B. Only I follows
C. Only II and III follow
D. None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
II is the converse of the second premise and so it holds.No man is sky. No sky is road.Since both the premises are negative, no definite conclusion follows.No man is sky. Some men are roads.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some roads are not skies'.No sky is road. Some men are roads.As discussed above, it follows that 'Some men are not skies'.Hence, only II follows.
Question 156
Statements : All buildings are windows. No toys is building. Some tigers are toys.
Conclusions :
I. Some tigers are buildings.
II. Some windows are tigers.
III. All toys are tigers.
IV. Some windows are toys.
A. None follows
B. Only I and II follow
C. Only III and IV follow
D. Only I and III follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
No toy is building. All buildings are windows.Since the middle term 'buildings' is distributed twice and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term.So, it follows that 'Some windows are not toys'.Some tigers are toys. No toy is building.Since one premise is particular and the other premise is negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some tigers are not buildings'.
Question 157
Statements : Some papers are cats. All cats are bats. No bat is horse.
Conclusions :
I. Some papers are horses.
II. No horse is cat.
III. Some bats are papers.
IV. All papers are bats.
A. Only I and II follow
B. Only II and III follow
C. Only III and IV follow
D. Only I and IV follow
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Some papers are cats. All cats are bats.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some papers are bats'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.All cats are bats. No bat is horse.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No cat is horse'. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.Some papers are bats. No bat is horse.Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some papers are not horses'.
Question 158
Statements : Some tapes are discs. Some discs are cassettes. Some cassettes are songs.
Conclusions :
I. Some songs are discs.
II. Some cassettes are tapes.
III. Some songs are tapes.
IV. No song is a disc.
A. Only either I or IV follows
B. Only either II or IV follows
C. Only III and IV follow
D. Only III and either II or IV follows
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since each combination of premises shall contain two particular premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn. However, I and IV involve the extreme terms of the second and third premises and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or IV follows.
Question 159
Statements : No table is fruit. No fruit is window. All windows are chairs.
Conclusions :
I. No window is table.
II. No chair is fruit.
III. No chair is table.
IV. All chairs are windows.
A. None follows
B. Only I and II follow
C. Only III and IV follow
D. All follow
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
No table is fruit. No fruit is window.Since both the premises are negative, no definite conclusion follows.No fruit is window. All windows are chairs.Since the middle term 'windows' is distributed twice and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be particular negative. So, it follows that 'Some chairs are not fruits'.