Plant Structure MCQs : This section focuses on the "Plant Structure". These Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) should be practiced to improve the Plant Structure skills required for various interviews (campus interview, walk-in interview, company interview), placement, entrance exam and other competitive examinations.
Question 1
Any system that is not at equilibrium
A. is thermodynamically unstable, although it may be kinetically stable
B. is kinetically unstable, although it may be thermodynamically stable
C. is rushing toward equilibrium at a very rapid rate
D. requires an enzyme to reach equilibrium
Question 2
The element neon (Ne) has eight electrons in its outermost electron shell. How many covalent bonds will Ne readily form?
A. None
B. One
C. Two
D. Four
Question 3
Which of the following functional groups would make a carbon-based compound the least polar?
A. Phosphate
B. Methyl
C. Carboxyl
D. Amino
Question 4
Which is not true about a photon?
A. It is a packet of light energy
B. The shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of the photons
C. It is trapped by photosynthetic unit
D. It donates electron to reduce carbon dioxide to glucose
Question 5
If the ends of the following polysaccharide are pulled, which one would stretch the most?
A. Glycogen
B. Starch
C. Cellulose
D. None of these
Question 6
Which of the following elements is likely to form the least polar covalent bond with hydrogen?
A. Nitrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Carbon
D. Phosphorus
Question 7
The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that
A. the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm
B. the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm
C. mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium
D. mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane
Question 8
Mitochondria can be expected most numerous in
A. green cells
B. red blood cells
C. muscle cells
D. None of these
Question 9
Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential?
A. Redox potentials are defined under standard conditions, and cellular conditions are typically not standard conditions
B. The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo
C. Electrons always go from reductants with high redox potentials to oxidants with low redox potentials
D. None of these
Question 10
Lysosomes are associated with
A. photosynthesis
B. respiration
C. storage
D. digestion
Question 11
Which cell type is likely to have the most mitochondria?
A. Fast-twitch muscle
B. Slow-twitch muscle
C. Liver cells
D. Adipose cells
Question 12
Tonoplast is a membrane around
A. cytoplasm
B. vacuole
C. nucleus
D. mitochondria
Question 13
A cell without cell wall is called
A. apoplast
B. protoplast
C. symplast
D. None of these
Question 14
Chemical energy is supplied to eukaryotic cells by
A. chloroplasts and golgi complexex
B. mitochondria and ribosomes
C. mitochondria only
D. mitochondria and chloroplasts
Question 15
Which part of a plant contains the male sex cell?
A. Ova
B. Style
C. Stamen
D. Pollen
Question 16
"The universe tends towards maximum disorder" is stated by
A. first law of thermodynamics
B. second law of thermodynamics
C. third law of thermodynamics
D. None of these
Question 17
Water content of active protoplasm is
A. 10%
B. 40%
C. 70%
D. 90%
Question 18
Which of the following is not an electron carrier class in the electron transport chain?
A. Flavoproteins
B. Cytochromes
C. Iron - sulfur proteins
D. Cytochrome c oxidase
Question 19
What is the source of free energy (ΔG) for moving protons out of mitochondria against their concentration and electrical gradients?
A. Glycolysis
B. Creatine phosphate
C. The redox reactions of electron transport
D. ATP
Question 20
The cellular organelle associated with photosynthesis is the
A. golgi complex
B. mitochondrion
C. lysosome
D. chloroplast
Question 21
"The universe tends towards maximum disorder" is stated by
A. first law of thermodynamics
B. second law of thermodynamics
C. third law of thermodynamics
D. none of the above
Question 22
Both plant and animal cell possess
A. cell walls
B. mitochondria
C. central vacuoles
D. chloroplast
Question 23
Cellular metabolism is an example of
A. equilibrium metabolism
B. steady-state metabolism
C. a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions
D. a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics
Question 24
Cellular organelles are embedded in the
A. endoplasmic reticulum
B. cristae
C. cytosol
D. microtubules
Question 25
Chemical energy is supplied to eukaryotic cells by
A. chloroplasts and golgi complexes
B. mitochondria and ribosomes
C. mitochondria only
D. mitochondria and chloroplasts
Question 26
If complex III were incorporated into an artificial lipid vesicle in order to demonstrate it's proton translocating ability in isolation, which of the following would be an appropriate electron donor?
A. Cytochrome c red
B. Cytochrome c peroxidase
C. Ubiquinol (UQH2)
D. Cytochrome c oxidase
Question 27
If the ester bonds of a triacylglycerol molecule's are broken then the kind of molecule, which would be soluble in water, is
A. fatty acid
B. steroid
C. glycogen
D. glycerol
Question 28
In plant cells, which of the following is not a function of the large central vacuoles of plant cells?
A. Storage of food
B. Support
C. Contractile regulation of
D. Waste storage water content
Question 29
Specialized type of peroxisome and the site of glyoxylate pathway in certain plants is known as
A. gly-peroxisome
B. lysosome
C. glyoxysome
D. none of these
Question 30
The cell membrane is made up of
A. lipoproteins
B. cellulose
C. phospholipids
D. phosphoproteins
Question 31
The cellular organelle associated with secretion is the
A. golgi complex
B. mitochondrion
C. ribosome
D. lysosome
Question 32
The composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane is most like that of
A. the outer mitochondrial membrane
B. the cell's plasma membrane
C. some bacterial plasma membranes
D. the nuclear membrane
Question 33
The fluid matrix of a cell is called the
A. nucleus
B. cytosol
C. cytoskeleton
D. endoplasmic reticulum
Question 34
Which molecule serves as a carrier of fatty acids in mitochondria?
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. Carnitine
C. Dolichol
D. Malonyl-CoA
Question 35
Which of the following can be found as a part of the mitochondrial matrix?
A. Ribosomes
B. DNA
C. Enzymes
D. All of these
Question 36
Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?
A. Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium
B. Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis
C. Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium
D. An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
Question 37
Which of the following observations is not used as evidence to support the concept of endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
A. Both have their own DNA
B. Both have their own ribosomes
C. Both strongly resemble prokaryotes, especially in size
D. Both can live and function independently of the cell
Question 38
Which of the following statements about mitochondrial proteins is true?
A. All mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized in the mitochondria
B. Some mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized in the mitochondria and others
C. All mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytoplasm
D. Mitochondrial proteins arise from other mitochondrial proteins
Question 39
Which of the following statements about the outer mitochondrial membrane is not true?
A. The outer membrane is impermeable to hydrogen ions
B. The outer membrane is highly permeable to substances of small molecular weight
C. The outer membrane is about 50% lipid and 50% protein by weight
D. The outer membrane contains porins
Question 40
Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential?
A. Redox potentials are defined under standard conditions, and cellular conditions are typically not standard conditions
B. The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo
C. Electrons always go from reductants with high redox potentials to oxidants with low redox potentials
D. None of the above