Question 1
____ defines the amount of change constituted by the substitution of one parameter by another parameter.
A. Rigidity
B. Elasticity
C. Replaceable
D. Replicable
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Elasticity defines the amount of change constituted by the substitution of one parameter by another parameter. A value of 1 indicates perfect substitution. Constant elasticity by substitution does not require independent input value and is suitable for multi objective analysis.
Question 2
____ filter is required to form ____ filter.
A. Two raised cosine filter, one sinc filter
B. Two raised sinc filter, one raised cosine filter
C. Two root raised cosine filter, one raised cosine filter
D. Two raised cosine filter, one root raised cosine filter
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Two root raised cosine filter is required to form one raised cosine filter. It may be used to reduce inter-symbol interference. It involves installing one root raised cosine filter at the transmitter and the other filter at the receiver.
Question 3
____ is a measure of good information received.
A. Latency
B. Data rate
C. Bit rate
D. Throughput
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Data rate is a measure of rate at which data arrives regardless of transmission errors. Throughput is the measure good information available at the receiver.
Question 4
____ is used to reduce inter-symbol interference.
A. Root raised cosine filter
B. Sinc filter
C. Root raised sinc filter
D. Cosine filter
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The raised cosine filter is an implementation of Nyquist low pass filter. It is used for pulse shaping and to minimise inter-symbol interference. It derives its name from the frequency spectrum which resembles a cosine function.
Question 5
A set of Pareto optimal solutions is referred to as ____
A. Pareto square
B. Pareto box
C. Pareto circle
D. Pareto boundary
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
A set of Pareto optimal solutions is referred to asPareto boundary or Pareto frontier. The Pareto front of a multi-objective optimisation is bounded by nadir objective vector and ideal objective vector.
Question 6
Bit error rate calculation depends on ____ at the receiver.
A. correlator
B. signal to noise ratio
C. analog to digital converter
D. error detection codes
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Cognitive radio sets the transmitted power. The transmitted power, the path loss, and the noise floor can be used to compute received power and noise power. SNR is an important factor in this calculation.
Question 7
Bit error rate depends on ____
A. source
B. route
C. channel
D. receiver
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Bit error rate is defined by the amount of bits received in error from the total number of bits received. Bit error rate primarily depends of channel type and modulation technique.
Question 8
Cobb Douglas function is otherwise called ____
A. linear function
B. weighted sum function
C. logarithmic function
D. linear logarithmic function
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Cobb Douglas function is otherwise called linear logarithmic function. It is an advanced version of weighted sum approach. The result is shaped by the logarithmic function. The logarithmic function adds convexity to the optimisation curve.
Question 9
Effective isotropic radiated power is given by ____
A. product of input power to the antenna and gain of the antenna
B. sum of input power to the antenna and gain of the antenna
C. difference of input power to the antenna and gain of the antenna
D. ratio of product of input power to the antenna and gain of the antenna
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Effective isotropic radiated power measures the combination of the power emitted by the transmitter and the capability of the antenna to wield that power in a particular direction. It is given by the product of product of input power to the antenna and gain of the antenna.
Question 10
Gaussian minimum shift keying is based on frequency shift keying.
A. True
B. False
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Gaussian minimum shift keying involves Gaussian filtering the modulating signal and passing it through frequency modulator. The second method uses quadrature modulator otherwise known as I-Q modulator.
Question 11
In ____ approach, the ____ members are saved after each process or test.
A. multiple single objective Pareto sampling, dominant
B. repeated single objective, dominant
C. multiple single objective Pareto sampling, recessive
D. repeated single objective, recessive
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Repeated single objective involves operating on the same set of members multiple times using single, different objective each time. The dominant members from each test are recorded for final analysis of Pareto set.
Question 12
In multiobjective analysis, ____ function is used for selection.
A. subjective
B. single valued
C. utility
D. set
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
In multi objective analysis, single utility function involves combining several objectives into a single number. Ranks are assigned to solutions. The solution that maximizes utility function is selected.
Question 13
Minimum shift keying experiences phase discontinuities.
A. True
B. False
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Minimum shift keying does not experience phase discontinuities because frequency changes occur at the carrier zero crossing points. This is expressed by setting the modulation index to 0.5.
Question 14
Non coherent receivers require more power than coherent receivers.
A. True
B. False
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Non coherent receivers require less power than coherent receivers. This is because coherent receivers involve frequency and phase correction in their reception process. Since additional processes are carried out, more power is consumed. Similarly, higher symbol rate requires more processing speed, and consequently more power.
Question 15
Objective space is described using ____ set of ____ functions.
A. one dimensional, objective
B. multi-dimensional, objective
C. one dimensional, exponential
D. multi-dimensional, exponential
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Objective space comprises of total possible solutions to a problem. It is defined over multidimensional set of objective functions. Radio resources that define radio behaviour form the cognitive radio objective space.
Question 16
Signal to interference plus noise ratio gives ____
A. lower bound on channel capacity
B. upper bound on channel capacity
C. upper bound on receiver capacity
D. lower bound on channel capacity
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Signal to interference plus noise ratio gives upper bound on channel capacity in wireless communication system. It takes into account factors such as noise, interference, path loss, and bandwidth. It is a parameter that defines the quality of wireless connection.
Question 17
Signal to interference plus noise ratio is defined as ____
A. ratio of noise power to interference power
B. ratio of signal power to sum of noise and interference power
C. ratio of sum of noise and interference power to signal power
D. ratio of interference to noise power
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Signal to interference plus noise ratio is defined as ratio of signal power to sum of noise and interference power. If the noise power were to be zero, the expression reduces to signal to interference ratio. If the interference were to be zero, the expression reduces to signal to noise ratio.
Question 18
Spectral efficiency may be expressed in terms of ____
A. Hertz
B. bits per second
C. Hertz per bit per second
D. bits per Hertz per second.
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Spectral efficiency describes the amount of information transferred in a channel. It may be used to determine quality of service. Spectral efficiency may be expressed in terms of Hertz per bit per second.
Question 19
The ____ function provides the share of ____ to the parameter to be optimised.
A. subjective, a particular variable
B. subjective, each variable
C. objective, each variable
D. objective, a particular variable
View Answer
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The objective function provides the share of each variable to the parameter to be optimised.The objective function is given by the product of objective coefficient and decision variable. The physical layer is described in terms of objective functions for radio resource optimisation.
Question 20
The aim of interference objective is ____
A. to determine compatibility of waveform and frequency
B. to determine compatibility of waveform and radio environment
C. to compare channels
D. to compare signals
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The interference objective depends on bandwidth. It is measured at various frequencies and is defined by interference map. The interference map is used to determine the overlap present between signals trying to operate on the same spectrum.
Question 21
The minimisation of bandwidth causes ____
A. low symbol rate
B. high symbol rate
C. high power
D. low power
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The minimisation of bandwidth causes low symbol rate and utilization of algorithm such GMSK. The maximisation of bandwidth causes high symbol rate and higher modulation method.
Question 22
The modification of a signal due to extraneous power exhibited by a signal from a nearby channel is called ____
A. co-channel interference
B. adjacent channel interference
C. inter-symbol interference
D. inter-carrier interference
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The modification of a signal due to extraneous power exhibited by a signal from a nearby channel is called adjacent channel interference. It may be due to inadequate filtering, improper tuning or poor frequency control. It may be classified as adjacent channel leakage ratio and adjacent channel selectivity.
Question 23
The significance of weighted sum utility function approach is that the ____ can be determined.
A. optima at extreme edges
B. optima at centre
C. concavity at extreme edges
D. concavity at centre
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The weighted sum approach involves computing the sum of product of objective function and the weight assigned to them. The significance of weighted sum utility function approach is that the optima at extreme edges can be determined.
Question 24
Utility function is an example of ____
A. no preference method
B. a post priori method
C. interactive method
D. a priori method
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
A priori method requires setting up of certain amount of desired traits before optingthe solution process. When no desired traits are specified in multi objective optimisation, it is regarded as no-preference method.
Question 25
Which among the following have direct dependency relationship?
A. BER and bandwidth
B. BER and SINR
C. SINR and bandwidth
D. Bandwidth and power
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Direct dependency involves the one to one relationship between two parameters. Indirect dependency involves creating links between parameters based on objective dependency. Bit error rate directly depends on bandwidth and is indirectly related to signal to noise ratio.
Question 26
Which among the following is a monitor parameter for power consumption?
A. Throughput
B. Modulation type
C. SINR
D. Interference
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Modulation type and symbol rate are monitor parameters for power consumption. Each waveform utilizes certain amount of power based on the processes used at the transmitter and the receiver for proper operation.
Question 27
Which among the following is a monitor parameter of BER?
A. Noise power
B. Transmission power
C. Path loss
D. Bandwidth
View Answer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A monitor parameter is one which can be set by the cognitive radio. Meters are factors that can be measured and used for analysis but cannot be controlled. Transmission power is a monitor parameter. Noise and path loss are meters.
Question 28
Which among the following is a potential goal for resource allocation optimisation?
A. Resources are used only to satisfy needs
B. Resources are kept in waiting
C. Resources are permanently allocated for each task
D. Resources are allocated with a permanent priority schedule
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The utilization of resources by each node is monitored with a global perspective of optimising radio resources. It should be done without compromising the quality of service available to the user and avoid over usage of resources.
Question 29
Which among the following is a simple expression of throughput objective?
A. Rth=kRs where Rs is symbol rate
B. Rth=kRb where Rb is bit rate
C. Rth=RsRb where Rs is symbol rate and Rb is bit rate
D. Rth=Rs/Rb where Rs is symbol rate and Rb is bit rate
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The simple expression of throughput objective is given by Rth=kRs . The complexities involved in the measurement of throughput are due to restricted retransmissions and no coding. As a result, a single bit error leads to packet error. By taking this into account, the expression of throughput is given by Rth=Rb(1-Pe)l.
Question 30
Which among the following is an objective not dependent on bandwidth?
A. Bit error rate
B. Interference power
C. Throughput
D. Power
View Answer
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Bandwidth measures the capacity of spectrum used by the radio. It influences a number of objects such as bit error rate, interference power, throughput, and spectral efficiency. Modulation type, symbol rate, and pulse shape filter are control monitors.
Question 31
Which among the following is an objective that influences throughput?
A. Bit error rate
B. Bandwidth
C. Spectral efficiency
D. Signal to interference ratio
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Bit error rate is an objective for that influences throughput. Modulation type, symbol rate, and number of bits per packet are the monitor parameters. Throughput does not have any meters that influence the result.
Question 32
Which among the following is not an alternative expression for Pareto optimal?
A. Dominated
B. Pareto efficient
C. Non inferior
D. Non dominated
View Answer
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The optimisation of all objectives simultaneously is not possible as improvement of one objective might negatively affect another objective. A Pareto optimal solution is one where none of the objective functions may be improved without degrading another objective value.